PMC

Pathways that enriched by up-regulated (down-regulated) target genes were marked with red (green) node label. Pathways that uniquely related with grade III (IV) glioma were marked with green (yellow) node fill color, while pathways that related with both grade III and grade IV glioma were marked with purple node fill color. Edge-line width is proportional to the dysfunctional crosstalk score of two pathways. Node size is proportional to their degree in the overall dysfunctional pathway crosstalk network. A. The overall dysfunctional pathway crosstalk network that associated with glioma malignant progression. B. Dysfunctional pathways that directly crosstalk with the glioma pathway. C. The core dysfunctional crosstalk module that related with glioma malignant progression, in which two pathway crosstalk routes were included to promote the progression of glioma: (i) direct pathway crosstalk within module between grade III and grade IV related pathways (region a&b); (ii) indirect interactions through pathways not included in module (region c).

Crosstalk scenarios. (a) The cis-effect refers to crosstalk between two or more modifications located on the same protein. Within the same protein there can be adjacent (i.e., between residues that are close in both primary and tertiary structures) or distal (i.e. between residues that are separated in primary and tertiary structures) crosstalk. (b) The trans-effect refers to crosstalk between two modifications located on two different proteins. (c) Functionally, crosstalk can be direct (i.e., one modification inhibits or enhances the subsequent modification of the same or a different residue) or (d) indirect (i.e., a specific modification inhibits or enhances protein-protein interactions leading to altered downstream effects). Note that while this figure depicts crosstalk involving histones, the same explanations can be applied to non-histone proteins. Adapted from ().

The PseudoCAP annotation [] was used to categorize the members of the direct (violet bars) and indirect (light green bars) sigma factor crosstalk. The enrichment of specific gene classes is displayed. The P values of the enriched categories are provided in .

Heart-cancer crosstalk. Clinical studies have revealed reciprocal associations between HF and cancer. Although the cardiotoxicity of cancer treatments is a key factor in the increased morbidity and mortality from HF among cancer patients, multiple other mechanisms, including direct organ crosstalk, also appear to be involved.